Search results for "Epidemiologic methods"
showing 10 items of 109 documents
Association of Anorexia Nervosa With Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
2019
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the association of anorexia nervosa with the cancer incidence and mortality among study populations with anorexia nervosa compared with the general population or those without anorexia nervosa.
Associations between long-term physical activity, waist circumference and weight gain: a 30-year longitudinal twin study.
2007
Background and objective: Physical activity level and obesity are both partly determined by genes and childhood environment. To determine the associations between long-term leisure-time physical activity, weight gain and waist circumference and whether these are independent of genes and childhood effects. Design and subjects: The study design is a 30-year follow-up twin study in Finland. For this study, 146 twin pairs were comprehensively identified from the large Finnish Twin Cohort. These twin pairs were discordant for both intensity and volume of leisure physical activity in 1975 and 1981 and were healthy in 1981. At follow-up in 2005, both members of 89 pairs were alive and participated…
Residential Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution during Pregnancy and Anthropometric Measures at Birth in a Multicenter Cohort in Spain
2011
Background: A growing body of research suggests that prenatal exposure to air pollution may be harmful to fetal development. We assessed the association between exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and anthropometric measures at birth in four areas within the Spanish Children’s Health and Environment (INMA) mother and child cohort study. Methods: Exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and benzene was estimated for the residence of each woman (n = 2,337) for each trimester and for the entire pregnancy. Outcomes included birth weight, length, and head circumference. The association between residential outdoor air pollution exposure and birth outcomes was assessed with linear regress…
Cancer mortality inequalities in urban areas: a Bayesian small area analysis in Spanish cities
2011
incluye "Erratum to: Cancer mortality inequalities in urban areas: a Bayesian small area analysis in Spanish cities" BACKGROUND: Intra-urban inequalities in mortality have been infrequently analysed in European contexts. The aim of the present study was to analyse patterns of cancer mortality and their relationship with socioeconomic deprivation in small areas in 11 Spanish cities. METHODS: It is a cross-sectional ecological design using mortality data (years 1996-2003). Units of analysis were the census tracts. A deprivation index was calculated for each census tract. In order to control the variability in estimating the risk of dying we used Bayesian models. We present the RR of the censu…
Influence of alcohol in mouthwashes containing triclosan and zinc: an experimental gingivitis study
2005
Objectives: An experimental gingivitis model was used to analyse the influence of alcohol in mouthwashes containing 0.15% triclosan and zinc chloride on the formation of supragingival plaque, the development of gingivitis and the appearance of adverse events. Material and Methods: Using a double-blind crossover design, 30 subjects underwent two consecutive experimental phases with two 0.15% triclosan and zinc chloride mouthwashes, differentiated mainly by their excipient (hydroalcoholic or aqueous). In each phase, the subjects discontinued all oral hygiene measures and were treated solely with the randomly assigned experimental mouthwash for 21 days. Each experimental phase was preceded by …
MORBILIDAD PSÍQUICA, EXISTENCIA DE DIAGNÓSTICO Y CONSUMO DE PSICOFÁRMACOS. DIFERENCIAS POR COMUNIDADES AUTÓNOMAS SEGÚN LA ENCUESTA NACIONAL DE SALUD …
2010
Background: Most of the studies on sychological distress in Spain have been conducted in small geographical areas or specific population groups. However, there are no studies that provide representative data for each Autonomous Community (AC). The objectives of this paper are to determine, both in Spain and in the AC, the prevalence of psychological distress, diagnosis, use of psychoactive medication, social support and self-perceived health, as well as to study the association between psychological distress and the rest of the variables. Methods: Cross-sectional study, using data from the 2006 National Health Survey, that was completed by 29,478 persons. Variables studied: sociodemographic…
Research Letter: is neuroticism a risk factor for postpartum depression?
2012
Although the relationship between personality and depressive illness is complex (Shea, 2005), there is empirical evidence that some personality features such as neuroticism, harm avoidance, introversion, dependency, self-criticism or perfectionism are related to depressive illness risk (Gunderson et al. 1999). Moreover, personality traits, especially neuroticism, may explain the increased prevalence of depression among females (Goodwin & Gotlib, 2004). Few studies have explored neuroticism, extraversion and psychoticism as risk factors for depression after an event as stressful as childbirth. Pitt (1968) was the first author to report high scores on neuroticism and low scores on extraversio…
The lifelong risk of metachronous colorectal cancer justifies long-term colonoscopic follow-up.
2007
The aim of this study was to calculate the risk of metachronous colorectal cancers, to specify their characteristics and potential risk factors in a well-defined French population over a 27-year period.The 10,801 patients who had colorectal cancers totalled 61,879 person-years of follow-up. The actuarial method was used to obtain crude metachronous colorectal cancer rates. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated.The cumulative rate of metachronous colorectal cancer was 1.8% at 5 years, 3.4% at 10 years and 7.2% at 20 years. The incidence of metachronous colorectal cancer following a first colorectal cancer was higher than expected (SIR: 1.5 [1.3-1.7] p0.001). It remained greate…
Patients' and physicians' preferences for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatments in Spain and Portugal: a discrete choice experiment.
2015
Objective: To assess Spanish and Portuguese patients' and physicians' preferences regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatments and the monthly willingness to pay (WTP) to gain benefits or avoid side effects. Methods: An observational, multicenter, exploratory study focused on routine clinical practice in Spain and Portugal. Physicians were recruited from multiple hospitals and outpatient clinics, while patients were recruited from eleven centers operating in the public health care system in different autonomous communities in Spain and Portugal. Preferences were measured via a discrete choice experiment by rating multiple T2DM medication attributes. Data were analyzed using the cond…
Clinical spectrum time course in anti jo-1 positive antisynthetase syndrome: Results from an international retrospective multicenter study
2015
Anti Jo-1 antibodies are the main markers of the antisynthetase syndrome (ASSD), an autoimmune disease clinically characterized by the occurrence of arthritis, myositis, and interstitial lung disease (ILD). These manifestations usually co-occur (for practical purpose complete forms) in the same patient, but cases with only 1 or 2 of these findings (for practical purpose incomplete forms) have been described. In incomplete forms, the ex novo occurrence of further manifestations is possible, although with frequencies and timing not still defined. The aim of this international, multicenter, retrospective study was to characterize the clinical time course of anti Jo-1 positive ASSD in a large c…